The emergence of artificial intelligence entails challenges as regards the understanding of natural (human) intelligence, as well. Accordingly, it does not pay to investigate separately the two phenomena from either a technical-ergonomic or a philosophical perspective.

If we cast a glance at the different approaches in the history of AI research, we can see that conceptions of the mind always have a considerable effect on how and to what extent AI can be built.

We attempt to shed light on the relation between natural and artificial intelligence from as many angles as possible and make visible the challenges we face with along their common history.